Khiva
Khiva is allocated on the low section of the Amu-Darya River. Khiva town was created long time ago. This city was conspicuous amidst the Khorezm towns and Khiva Khanate was assigned this city as the capital in the XVIII th century. Khiva was prominent amidst the public from large number of countries as the cultural city because of diversified monuments in XIX century. All these monuments are retained in the one area which was considered the established section of the city and this town section was the shakhristan Ichan-kaleh where enormous numbers of memorials were created close to the Eastern entries of Palvan-Darvaz and on that street which had gone to the town’s western entries.
At our times the Ichan-kaleh is memorial area where numerous travellers are coming. It was prominent for men as established district of Khiva city. Bygone time historical sites are collocated in the city which was repaired and you have chance to visit them. Nowadays the walk can be into vast number of memorials which are dating back to the governance of first Khan in Khiva. Sheikh Said Allauddin mausoleum is celebrated site to be the old one of that past period of time and also well-known for its adorable majolica of tomb which was created in XIV century. The mausoleum was in honor to Pakhlavan Mahmud who was famous to the men as honorable poet and national hero of Uzbekistan and he died in the first quarter of the XIV century. Khiva rulers’ necropolises were buried in the same site where the poet's mausoleum was collocated and the bygone rulers’ tombs were transmitted in this area.
With majolica tiles were colored and decorated the Pakhlavan Mahmud complex and the adorable ornament of rooms, with fascinating Khiva traceries and with turquoise tiles were painted the cupola of complex, and with majolica the entries were adorned. Next to the Juma mosque with minaret and several madrasahs was collocated wonderful square with the main route of Ichan-kaleh.
People had built the Juma mosque in the XVIII century or we call it as Friday mosque which was incredible memorial. The walls of Juma mosque were framed from bricks with varied traceries and the wondrous ceiling of 212 wooden columns was made up and 20 of these columns are with remarkable carvings.
The Palvan-Darvaz western entries in Khiva city was the crowded part of the town. The Anush-khan baths and the madrasah of Khoja Amerdibey of the XVII century are collocated here.
Above the Khoja Amerdibey Madrasah which was created in 1804-1812 incredible two-floor Kultug Murad-inak madrasah with 81 khujras (cells).
When the Palvan-Darvaz Gates were formed huge number of shops with elegant ornament in bygone times. This town’s section was prominent as the business proportion because of enormous number of merchantmen.
When Alla-Kuli-khan was hakim so the caravanserai was formed close to the Gates. The chief facade (tim) was collocated and it was joint to the major way and near marvelous gallery. The AlIa-Kuli-khan Madrasah is notable by adorable entries.
Incredible site was framed in 1830-1838 in honor to Alla-Kuli-khan and Tash-khauli. This site was consisted from few structures which used for housing and official purposes and you have chance to have walking through the enormous number of courtyards. The harem, the mihmankhaneh or khan's reception hall, the arzkhaneh or the justice court, and manifold of extra and service quarters and route was allocated in the site. The charming complex can be carved into some sections and these sections are the Palvan-Darvaz gallery, the Alla-Kuli-khan Madrasah, a tim, and a caravanserai on the one side and on the another side the chance included the vising of the square around the Palvan-Darvaz Gates where the Tash-khauli Madrasah and the Kultug Murad-inak Madrasah.
The western entries was formed in that section where the Kunya-Ark is allocated and by raw bricks wall and old fortress it was rounded and Akshikh-baba palace was collocated there and it was prominent as the center of the city.
In Ichan-kaleh were formed diversified incredible complexes. The Kunya-Ark applied in the Amin-khan madrasah which was formed in 1851 – 1852 on the south part, in 1871 was framed the Said Muhammed Rakhim-khan II Madrasah on the east proportion. An architectural ensemble was made in style of these frameworks which are collocated around a square.
Wonderful and remarkable Madrasah is the Amin-khan Madrasah in Khiva. It was framed of 14.2 meters which is the minaret’s diameter and the height is 26 meters. The minaret has the name as the Kalta-minaret because of short scale by the men who resided in the city. Honorable person of that time in the town was the vizier Islam Khoja and minaret in Khiva city was structured by him which was the biggest one. The minaret’s height is 50 meters.