Samarkand
One of the most ancient towns in Central Asia can be Samarkand which is about 2,500 years. The history of Samarkand city can be reading by us the information can be gotten so it was seized by honorable militants like Alexander the Great, the Army of the Arab Caliphate, and the Mongol intrusion under the head of Chenghis Khan. Samarkand city Samarkand city is generally known amidst towns of Central Asia because of huge numbers of fighting and warfare so to say now is famed as thriving city.
The section of Mount Afrasiab (Afrosiab) was Samarkand city; it was achieved to the Samarkand’s north section. In the XIX century were enhanced the boundaries of Samarkand and the whole terrain of the mount was accepted by the area of Samarkand city. In XIX century were created on the south section of the mount territory different surroundings with market, caravanserais, bathhouse and mosques. The water system was built in town in that period. But enormous number of difficulties had Afrasiab with water delivery system in the same time, and lots of tasks were subsisted with water supply system there.
When Samarkand city was subjugated by the Mongol intrusion and was collapsed in that time old water supply system and Mongol penetration had broken Afrasiab.
Many years were needed to people to reconstruct this dead hill. All frameworks of the past time were collapsed down and killed by Mongol incursion. All buildings were created by folk who was alive and it was necessary almost century. Once more was created the ruined Samarkand on that site where was populated suburb. The Shakhi-Zindah necropolis rehabilitation took place in that period when Afrasiab was like a religious site and public knew that there was the sepulture of Kusam ibn-Abbas located. In the period of the last quarter of XIV century was position of holy necropolis and mausoleum for the people from Timur’s family and to his head of the army and his courtiers was structured in that time. Back to the second half of XV century must be referred Shakhi-Zindah ensemble and its structures and that time related to the Ulug Beg’s period of time. The wonderful stained and ornamented entries of the years 1434 -1435 may be related to that period of time and entries were collocated on the ground of Mount Afrasiab. In rate the mausoleum was extensive and master colored it with two majestic turquoise dome conceivably over the interment of the stargazer of Ulug Beg's teacher Kazy-zade-Rumi.
It is possible to have walking by the routes where the mausoleums were saved and which referred to the Timur period. Structures of wondrous majolica covering and tile mosaics had made by foremen of that time period. In 1372 the mausoleum is in honor to Shadi-Mulk-aka was created and also for her mom Tour-kan-aka, Timur's sister. With blocks of fascinating carved glazed terracotta in combination with majolica are ornamented the entries of mausoleum and mausoleum’s revetment. The way which is gone amidst the mausoleums to charming shadowy courtyard which is near to the mausoleum of religious Tournan-aka which was created in XV century, and the mausoleums were structured prior to the Timur’s period and in honor to people of Khoja Akhmad and to some unknown people. In 1404-1405 door was created and with enchanting carvings was adorned and using the styling of ivory inlay was applied the tracery. XV century mosque with mausoleum in honor to Kusam ibn-Abbas which is allocated through the yard where you have to walk. The stained enameled facing of Shakhi-Zindah mausoleum is incredible. The stone bricklayers are joint to the wonderful structures which composed the single architectural ensemble with artistically confirmatory behooved one to different over centuries.
The capital of the huge Empire of Timur was well-known as Samarkand during reading the historical data. In the 1399-1404 was created very quickly the Bibi-khanum mosque. With burnished brick with enormous number of geometrical scenically styling were facaded the enchanting walls of magnificent mosque. This styling of architecture is related to be the singularity of the constructing structures which were applied for Timur.
In 1403-1404 was created the mausoleum in honor to Gur-Emir and in the line of Timur's constructions in Samarkand city was the last and this mausoleum was used for the entombment for his sons, for Ulug Beg who was his grandchild and for himself. The mausoleum was well-known as structure of the complex which was consisted of two structures.
In the XV century was head of country Ulug Beg and the frameworks in that period were modest for aristocracy because of their sole frame and the covering color: the entries, the mausoleums which were in honor to Kazy-zade-Rumi, the Shakhi-Zindah octangular majestic madrasah in Reghistan, the enormous quadrate which was built in 1420. Ulug Beg's observatory is notable because of design which allocated outside Samarkand. After Ulug Beg’ death has been casted his observatory and it was all in remains to the XVI century.
In XV century were formed huge amount of architectural ensembles and vast number monumental facilities. The ensemble dedicated to Khoja Abdi-Darun is the enchanting instance.
In the XVI century became Bukhara city again as the capital of Uzbekistan and not so many frameworks were structured in Samarkand city in those times and after blood penetrations enormous amount of structures were perished. In the XVII century was created the Madrasah Shir-Dor (1619-1636) devoted to Shir-Dor on that site where the now disappeared khana-gah of Ulug Beg was stayed. The structure was collocated in the same site where the Ulug Beg Madrasah was replaced. You may enjoy of seeing it during the tour with visiting the Tillah-kari Madrasah on the third side of Reghistan Square which was framed in 1646-1660. In Timur's period of time was collapsed Bibi-khanum mosque; the Friday mosque and Tillah-kari Madrasah were emerged.